Echium plantagineum

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Habitus and growth type

  • Life form: hemicryptophyte (therophyte)
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): S
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 9 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 85.6 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 5.4 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate, rosulate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: both present and absent
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Flower

  • Flower colour: red-violet, violet, blue
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  • Flower symmetry: zygomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: funnel-shaped
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  • Calyx fusion: synsepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: cincinnus
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  • Pollinator spectrum: honeybee, solitary bees, unknown (bumblebees)
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – cluster of four one-seeded nutlets
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: neophyte
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  • Invasion status: casual
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  • Geographic origin: Mediterranean
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  • Year of the first record in the wild: 1940
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  • Year of the last record: 1940
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  • Period of introduction: Late Modern Period (1800–1950)
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  • Introduction pathway: intentional – ornamental, unintentional – plantations
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 9 – full light plant, occurring only in fully irradiated places, not at less than 50% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 9 – extreme heat indicator, restricted to warmest sites in southern Central Europe
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  • Moisture indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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Habitat and sociology

  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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