Empetrum hermaphroditum

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.5
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  • Growth form: dwarf shrub
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  • Life form: chamaephyte
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  • Life strategy: CSR – competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate, verticillate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: present
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf deciduousness in woody plants: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: scleromorphic
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  • Functional leaf type in woody plants: needle-like, sclerophyllous
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: May–July
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  • Flower colour: pink, red
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: free
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  • Calyx fusion: aposepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: racemus
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: wind-pollination, insect-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: fleshy fruit – drupe
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  • Fruit colour: blue, black
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed, fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Cornus (mainly autochory and endozoochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Primary root: present
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 2
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 2

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 50 (52)
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 2183.09
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 545.77
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  • Genomic GC content: 40.2 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
    ?

Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 8 – light plant, only exceptionally occurring at less than 40% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 3 – cool indicator, occurring mainly in subalpine areas
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  • Moisture indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Reaction indicator value: 2x – transition between values 1 and 3 (generalist)
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
    ?

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 1 Vegetation of cliffs, screes and walls

  • 1B Siliceous cliffs and block fields: 2 – optimum
  • 2 Alpine and subalpine grasslands

  • 2A Alpine grasslands on siliceous bedrock: 2 – optimum
  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5C Alpine and subalpine soft-water springs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5F Transitional mires: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5G Raised bogs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5H Wet peat soils and bog hollows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11A Dry lowland to subalpine heathlands: 2 – optimum
  • 11D Subalpine acidophilous Pinus mugo scrub: 2 – optimum
  • 12 Forests

  • 12L Boreo-continental pine forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12P Peatland pine forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12Q Peatland birch forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12R Acidophilous spruce forests: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 2.1 – taxon occurring both in the forest and open vegetation
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of classes: AA Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea
  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: AAA Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinion
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: AAA02 Junco trifidi-Empetretum hermaphroditi
  • Constant taxon

    ?
  • Constant taxon of classes: AA Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea
  • Constant taxon of alliances: AAA Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinion
  • Constant taxon of associations: AAA02 Junco trifidi-Empetretum hermaphroditi
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: AAA02 Junco trifidi-Empetretum hermaphroditi
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: arctic, boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
    ?
  • Floristic region: circumpolar
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  • Continentality degree: 6
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 2
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: montane belt, subalpine belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 24, 36
    ?
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 12
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 5
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 5
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 4

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C3 – vulnerable taxon
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): NT – near threatened
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  • Legal protection: vulnerable taxon
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