Equisetum variegatum

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.05–0.4
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): C/CR
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 66.3 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 9.7 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 24.1 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves reduced to sheaths
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): verticillate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: scleromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: May–September
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  • Dicliny: dioecious
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): spore
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  • Dispersal strategy: Lycopodium (mainly anemochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Storage organ: stolon
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: dichotomous
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 4
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 3.4
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.2
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  • Clonal index: 5
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 15
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 5
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 25
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 6
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 15
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 5
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 25
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 6

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 216
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  • Ploidy level (x): 2
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 54511
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 27255.5
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  • Genomic GC content: 42.5 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 8 – light plant, only exceptionally occurring at less than 40% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 5 – moderate heat indicator, occurring from lowland to montane belt, mainly in submontane-temperate areas
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  • Moisture indicator value: 9 – wetness indicator, focus on often soaked, poorly aerated soils
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  • Reaction indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9, occurring mostly in calcium-rich conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5D Calcareous fens: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 9 Sand grasslands and rock-outcrop vegetation

  • 9B Open vegetation of acidic sands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12A Alder carrs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 3.3
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 3.4
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 2
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 9
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 2

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: arctic, boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
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  • Floristic region: circumpolar
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  • Continentality degree: 6
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 5
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt (montane belt)
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 63, 78
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 66.7 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 66.7 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 33.3 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 34.3 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 63 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 0
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 0

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2b – endangered taxon, rare and declining
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): EN – endangered
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  • Legal protection: critically threatened taxon
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