Fumana procumbens

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.3
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  • Growth form: dwarf shrub
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  • Life form: chamaephyte
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  • Life strategy: CSR – competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): S
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 0 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 100 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 0 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf deciduousness in woody plants: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: scleromorphic
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  • Functional leaf type in woody plants: needle-like
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–August
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  • Flowering phase: 7 Ligustrum vulgare-Stachys sylvatica (end of early summer)
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  • Flower colour: yellow
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: free
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  • Calyx fusion: aposepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: flores solitarii
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: mixed mating
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – capsule
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: only by seed/spores
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): dicyclic or polycyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Primary root: present
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 2
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 2

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 36
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  • Ploidy level (x): 2
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 2370.68
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 1185.34
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  • Genomic GC content: 39 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 9 – full light plant, occurring only in fully irradiated places, not at less than 50% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
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  • Moisture indicator value: 1 – strong drought indicator, viable at sites that frequently dry out and confined to dry soils
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  • Reaction indicator value: 9 – base and lime indicator, always occurring in calcium-rich conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
    ?

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 8 Dry grasslands

  • 8B Submediterranean dry grasslands on rock outcrops: 2 – optimum
  • 8D Broad-leaved dry grasslands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: THB Bromo pannonici-Festucion pallentis
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: THB01 Poo badensis-Festucetum pallentis
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 6.6
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe
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  • Continentality degree: 5
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 4
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: colline belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 7, 9
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 57.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 14.3 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 12 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 38 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 2
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 1
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2r – endangered taxon, rare
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): EN – endangered
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  • Legal protection: endangered taxon
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