Iris pumila

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.15
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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  • Life strategy: CSR – competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf anatomy: mesomorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: April–May
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  • Flower colour: yellow-white, blue-violet
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: homochlamydeous
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: special type
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  • Inflorescence type: rhipidium
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy self-incompatibility
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – capsule
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (a) nv
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: rhizome
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  • Storage organ: rhizome
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: epigeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): dicyclic or polycyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]:
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 0.9
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.07
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  • Clonal index: 4
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]:
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]:

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 32
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 20844.5
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 5211.13
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  • Genomic GC content: 41.7 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 9 – full light plant, occurring only in fully irradiated places, not at less than 50% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
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  • Moisture indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Reaction indicator value: 9 – base and lime indicator, always occurring in calcium-rich conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 2 – transition between values 1 and 3
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -1.07
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.46
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.25
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.27
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.62
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.64

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 8 Dry grasslands

  • 8A Hercynian dry grasslands on rock outcrops: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 8B Submediterranean dry grasslands on rock outcrops: 2 – optimum
  • 8C Narrow-leaved sub-continental steppes: 2 – optimum
  • 9 Sand grasslands and rock-outcrop vegetation

  • 9F Basiphilous vegetation of spring therophytes and succulents: 2 – optimum
  • 12 Forests

  • 12H Peri-Alpidic basiphilous thermophilous oak forests: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of associations: THD06 Astragalo exscapi-Crambetum tatariae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.6
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 5.6
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 2
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 3
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 18

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: submeridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 33, 54
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 3.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 2.5 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 13 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 5
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 4
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2r – endangered taxon, rare
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): VU – vulnerable
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  • Legal protection: endangered taxon
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