Molinia caerulea

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.15–1.5
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf anatomy: scleromorphic, helomorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–September
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  • Flowering phase: 8 Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum (mid-summer)
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  • Flower colour: green
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  • Perianth type: reduced
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  • Perianth fusion: reduced
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  • Inflorescence type: panicula e spiculis composita
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy self-incompatibility
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  • Pollination syndrome: wind-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – caryopsis
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: mostly by seed/spores, rarely vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (a)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: rhizome, shoot tuber
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  • Storage organ: rhizome, shoot tuber, tuft
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 3.7
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 1.8
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.02
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  • Clonal index: 3
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 4
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 11
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 15
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 4
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 4
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 11
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 15
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 4

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 36 (18, 54)
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4 (2, 6)
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 2977.18
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 744.3
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  • Genomic GC content: 47.1 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7; rarely at less than 20% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 5 – moderate heat indicator, occurring from lowland to montane belt, mainly in submontane-temperate areas
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  • Moisture indicator value: 7 – humidity indicator, focus on well moistened, but not wet soils
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  • Reaction indicator value: 5x – indicator of moderate acidity, occurring rarely in strongly acidic as well as in neutral to alkaline conditions (generalist)
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 3 – occurring at nutrient-poor sites more frequently than at average sites and exceptionally at rich sites
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 1 Vegetation of cliffs, screes and walls

  • 1B Siliceous cliffs and block fields: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 2 Alpine and subalpine grasslands

  • 2A Alpine grasslands on siliceous bedrock: 2 – optimum
  • 2B Subalpine tall-forb and tall-grass vegetation: 2 – optimum
  • 3 Aquatic vegetation

  • 3C Macrophytic vegetation of oligotrophic lakes and pools: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4G Tall-sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5C Alpine and subalpine soft-water springs: 2 – optimum
  • 5D Calcareous fens: 3 – dominant
  • 5E Acidic moss-rich fens and peatland meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 5F Transitional mires: 2 – optimum
  • 5G Raised bogs: 2 – optimum
  • 5H Wet peat soils and bog hollows: 2 – optimum
  • 6 Meadows and mesic pastures

  • 6A Mesic Arrhenatherum meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 6F Intermittently wet Molinia meadows: 3 – dominant
  • 7 Acidophilous grasslands

  • 7A Subalpine and montane acidophilous grasslands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 7B Submontane Nardus grasslands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 8 Dry grasslands

  • 8F Thermophilous forest fringe vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 9 Sand grasslands and rock-outcrop vegetation

  • 9B Open vegetation of acidic sands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11A Dry lowland to subalpine heathlands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11D Subalpine acidophilous Pinus mugo scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11H Subalpine deciduous scrub: 2 – optimum
  • 11I Willow carrs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11R Scrub and pioneer woodland of forests clearings: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12A Alder carrs: 2 – optimum
  • 12K Acidophilous oak forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12L Boreo-continental pine forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12P Peatland pine forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12Q Peatland birch forests: 3 – dominant
  • 12R Acidophilous spruce forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12S Basiphilous spruce forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12V Spruce plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12W Pine and larch plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13F Herbaceous vegetation of forests clearings and Rubus scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 2.1 – taxon occurring both in the forest and open vegetation
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 2.1 – taxon occurring both in the forest and open vegetation
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Constant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon

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  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 7
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 4
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 20

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 5
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt, montane belt, subalpine belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 524, 1292
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  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 33
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 13
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 12
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 5

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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