Ranunculus repens

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.4
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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  • Life strategy: CSR – competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): CR
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 53 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 8 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 39.1 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: compound – ternate
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: both present and absent
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: hygromorphic, helomorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: May–August
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  • Flowering phase: 5 Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum (end of mid-spring)
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  • Flower colour: yellow
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: free
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  • Calyx fusion: aposepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: flores solitarii
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  • Dicliny: synoecious, gynodioecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy self-incompatibility
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing
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  • Pollinator spectrum: hoverflies, flies s. l., other Diptera (honeybee, bumblebees, solitary bees, other Hymenoptera, meat flies s. l., butterflies, beetles, nitidulids, thrips, other pollinators)
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – head of achenes
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Storage organ: stolon
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: stolon
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): dicyclic or polycyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 1.3
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 5.1
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.25
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  • Clonal index: 6
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 12
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 20
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 3
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 12
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 20
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 3

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 32 (16)
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4 (2)
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 20046.15
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 5011.54
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  • Genomic GC content: 44.4 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7; rarely at less than 20% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 5x – moderate heat indicator, occurring from lowland to montane belt, mainly in submontane-temperate areas (generalist)
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  • Moisture indicator value: 7 – humidity indicator, focus on well moistened, but not wet soils
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7x – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions (generalist)
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 7 – occurring at nutrient-rich sites more often than at average sites and only exceptionally at poor sites
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  • Salinity indicator value: 1 – salt tolerant, mostly on low-salt to salt-free soils, but occasionally on slightly salty soils
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.94
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.4
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.44
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.45
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.49
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.58

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 2 Alpine and subalpine grasslands

  • 2B Subalpine tall-forb and tall-grass vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 3 Aquatic vegetation

  • 3C Macrophytic vegetation of oligotrophic lakes and pools: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4B Halophilous reed and sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4C Eutrophic vegetation of muddy substrata: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4D Riverine reed vegetation: 2 – optimum
  • 4E Reed vegetation of brooks: 2 – optimum
  • 4F Mesotrophic vegetation of muddy substrata: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4G Tall-sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4H Vegetation of low annual hygrophilous herbs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4I Vegetation of nitrophilous annual hygrophilous herbs: 2 – optimum
  • 4J River gravel banks: 2 – optimum
  • 4K Petasites fringes of montane brooks: 2 – optimum
  • 4L Nitrophilous herbaceous fringes of lowland rivers: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5A Hard-water springs with tufa formation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5B Lowland to montane soft-water springs: 2 – optimum
  • 5D Calcareous fens: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5E Acidic moss-rich fens and peatland meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5F Transitional mires: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 6 Meadows and mesic pastures

  • 6A Mesic Arrhenatherum meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 6B Montane mesic meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 6C Pastures and park grasslands: 2 – optimum
  • 6D Alluvial meadows of lowland rivers: 2 – optimum
  • 6E Wet Cirsium meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 6F Intermittently wet Molinia meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 6G Vegetation of wet disturbed soils: 2 – optimum
  • 7 Acidophilous grasslands

  • 7B Submontane Nardus grasslands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 8 Dry grasslands

  • 8F Thermophilous forest fringe vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 9 Sand grasslands and rock-outcrop vegetation

  • 9E Acidophilous vegetation of spring therophytes and succulents: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 10 Saline vegetation

  • 10I Inland saline meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11H Subalpine deciduous scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11I Willow carrs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11J Willow galleries of loamy and sandy river banks: 2 – optimum
  • 11L Tall mesic and xeric shrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11R Scrub and pioneer woodland of forests clearings: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12A Alder carrs: 2 – optimum
  • 12B Alluvial forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12C Oak-hornbeam forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12D Ravine forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12E Herb-rich beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12F Limestone beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12G Acidophilous beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12I Sub-continental thermophilous oak forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12K Acidophilous oak forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12R Acidophilous spruce forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12T Robinia pseudacacia plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12U Plantations of broad-leaved non-native trees: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12V Spruce plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12W Pine and larch plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13A Annual vegetation of ruderal habitats: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13B Annual vegetation of arable land: 2 – optimum
  • 13C Annual vegetation of trampled habitats: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13D Perennial thermophilous ruderal vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13E Perennial nitrophilous herbaceous vegetation of mesic sites: 2 – optimum
  • 13F Herbaceous vegetation of forests clearings and Rubus scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 2.1 – taxon occurring both in the forest and open vegetation
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 2.1 – taxon occurring both in the forest and open vegetation
  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of classes: TC Festuco-Puccinellietea
  • Constant taxon of associations: KAB02 Salicetum purpureae, LAA03 Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae, LBA01 Alnetum incanae, LBA02 Piceo abietis-Alnetum glutinosae, LBA03 Carici remotae-Fraxinetum excelsioris, MAC03 Pulicario vulgaris-Menthetum pulegii, MCD03 Tussilagini farfarae-Calamagrostietum pseudophragmitae, MCE02 Glycerietum notatae, MCG04 Comaro palustris-Caricetum cespitosae, MCH05 Caricetum distichae, MCH07 Caricetum vulpinae, RAA01 Caricetum remotae, RAA02 Cardamino-Chrysosplenietum alternifolii, RBA03 Valeriano simplicifoliae-Caricetum flavae, TCB01 Scorzonero parviflorae-Juncetum gerardii, TCB02 Loto tenuis-Potentilletum anserinae, TCB03 Agrostio stoloniferae-Juncetum ranarii, TDC01 Lolio perennis-Cynosuretum cristati, TDC05 Alchemillo hybridae-Poëtum supinae, TDE01 Poo trivialis-Alopecuretum pratensis, TDE02 Holcetum lanati, TDE03 Lathyro palustris-Gratioletum officinalis, TDE04 Cnidio dubii-Deschampsietum cespitosae, TDF01 Angelico sylvestris-Cirsietum oleracei, TDF02 Cirsietum rivularis, TDF04 Crepido paludosae-Juncetum acutiflori, TDF07 Scirpo sylvatici-Cirsietum cani, TDF08 Scirpetum sylvatici, TDF09 Caricetum cespitosae, TDF10 Scirpo sylvatici-Caricetum brizoidis, TDF11 Junco inflexi-Menthetum longifoliae, XBC02 Spergulo arvensis-Scleranthetum annui, XDB02 Petasitetum hybrido-kablikiani, XDC01 Stachyo sylvaticae-Impatientetum noli-tangere, XDC04 Carici pendulae-Eupatorietum cannabini, XDE03 Chaerophylletum aromatici, XDE06 Anthrisco nitidae-Aegopodietum podagrariae, XDF01 Rumicetum alpini
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 3.8
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4
  • Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 5
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 8
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 4
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 12

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe, Asia
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 7
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt, montane belt (subalpine belt)
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  • Expansive taxon in the region: Bohemian Thermophyticum, Bohemian Moravian Mesophyticum, Bohemian Moravian Oreophyticum, Pannonian Thermophyticum, Carpathian Mesophyticum, Carpathian Oreophyticum
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 667, 2424
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 11.7 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 13.3 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 2.9 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0.5 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 4.5 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 88 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 55
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 18
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 12
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 7

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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