Salix alba ‘Tristis’

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 15–30
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  • Growth form: tree
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  • Life form: macrophanerophyte
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  • Life strategy: C – competitor
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): S/CS
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 26.6 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 63.2 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 10.2 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: present
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  • Petiole: present
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf deciduousness in woody plants: winter deciduous
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  • Leaf anatomy: mesomorphic, helomorphic
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  • Functional leaf type in woody plants: broad deciduous or semi-deciduous
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Flower

  • Flowering phase: 3 Prunus avium-Ranunculus auricomus (end of early spring)
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  • Flower colour: yellow-green
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  • Perianth type: flower achlamydeous
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  • Inflorescence type: amentum e floribus masculis, amentum e floribus femineis
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  • Dicliny: dioecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – capsule
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: only by seed/spores
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed
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  • Dispersal strategy: Phragmites (mainly anemochory and hydrochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 0
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 5
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 10
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 10
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 0
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 5
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 10
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 10

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 76
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 1441.93
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 360.48
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  • Genomic GC content: 36.5 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: cultivated only
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 5 – semi-shade plant, only exceptionally occurring in full light, but usually at more than 10% of the diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Moisture indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 7 – occurring at nutrient-rich sites more often than at average sites and only exceptionally at poor sites
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -1.1
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.45
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.4
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.38
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.13
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.16

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4C Eutrophic vegetation of muddy substrata: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4D Riverine reed vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4G Tall-sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4I Vegetation of nitrophilous annual hygrophilous herbs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4L Nitrophilous herbaceous fringes of lowland rivers: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11I Willow carrs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11J Willow galleries of loamy and sandy river banks: 3 – dominant
  • 11L Tall mesic and xeric shrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12B Alluvial forests: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of classes: KA Salicetea purpureae
  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: KAC Salicion albae
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: KAC01 Salicetum albae
  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of alliances: KAC Salicion albae
  • Constant taxon of associations: KAC01 Salicetum albae
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: KAA01 Salicetum triandrae, KAC01 Salicetum albae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 4.6
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4.2
  • Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 4.9
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 6
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 9
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 12.5

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe, Western Asia
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  • Continentality degree: 6
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 6
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt, montane belt
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  • Expansive taxon in the region: Pannonian Thermophyticum, Carpathian Mesophyticum
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 529, 1393
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.2 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 71.9 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 56.3 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 42.2 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 37.5 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 90 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 10
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 2
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 2

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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