Sonchus palustris

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]:
    ?
  • Growth form: clonal herb
    ?
  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
    ?
  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
    ?
  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): C/CR
    ?
  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 60.9 %
    ?
  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 7.5 %
    ?
  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 31.6 %
    ?

Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
    ?
  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
    ?
  • Leaf shape: simple – pinnately divided
    ?
  • Stipules: absent
    ?
  • Petiole: absent
    ?
  • Leaf life span: summer green
    ?
  • Leaf anatomy: helomorphic
    ?

Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: July–September
    ?
  • Flowering phase: 8 Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum (mid-summer)
    ?
  • Flower colour: yellow
    ?
  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
    ?
  • Perianth type: calyx reduced, corolla present
    ?
  • Perianth fusion: fused
    ?
  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: ligulate
    ?
  • Calyx fusion: pappus
    ?
  • Inflorescence type: corymbothyrsus ex anthodiis compositus
    ?
  • Dicliny: synoecious
    ?
  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing
    ?
  • Pollinator spectrum: hoverflies, nitidulids (bumblebees, flies s. l., other Diptera)
    ?

Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – achene/cypsela/samara
    ?
  • Fruit colour: yellow
    ?
  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
    ?
  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
    ?
  • Dispersal strategy: Epilobium (mainly anemochory and autochory)
    ?
  • Myrmecochory: probably non-myrmecochorous
    ?

Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: rhizome
    ?
  • Root metamorphosis: root shoot
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  • Storage organ: rhizome
    ?
  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
    ?
  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
    ?
  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
    ?
  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
    ?
  • Primary root: absent
    ?
  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]:
    ?
  • Number of clonal offspring:
    ?
  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.13
    ?
  • Clonal index: 4
    ?
  • Position of root buds: lateral roots
    ?
  • Role of root buds in life-history of a plant: additive
    ?
  • Bud bank

    ?
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]:
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 23
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 43
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 8

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
    ?
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
    ?

Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
    ?

Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 7 – half-light plant, mostly occurring at full light, but also in the shade up to about 30% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
    ?
  • Moisture indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
    ?
  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
    ?
  • Nutrient indicator value: 7 – occurring at nutrient-rich sites more often than at average sites and only exceptionally at poor sites
    ?
  • Salinity indicator value: 2 – oligohaline, often on soils with very low salt content
    ?

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

    ?
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 2 – optimum
  • 4G Tall-sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4L Nitrophilous herbaceous fringes of lowland rivers: 2 – optimum
  • 6 Meadows and mesic pastures

  • 6F Intermittently wet Molinia meadows: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

    ?
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Colonization ability

    ?
  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
    ?
  • Floristic region: Europe, Western Asia
    ?
  • Continentality degree: 7
    ?
  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 7
    ?
  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt
    ?
  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 29, 37
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 2.3 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 3 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 4
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 2
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 2

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2b – endangered taxon, rare and declining
    ?
  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): EN – endangered
    ?
  • Legal protection: not protected by law
    ?
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