Sparganium natans

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.4
    ?
  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hydrophyte
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  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): R/CR
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 22.7 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 0 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 77.4 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: hydromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–August
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  • Flowering phase: 8 Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum (mid-summer)
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  • Flower colour: green
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  • Perianth type: reduced
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  • Perianth fusion: reduced
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  • Inflorescence type: racemus e capitulis compositus
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  • Dicliny: monoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: facultative allogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: wind-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – achene/cypsela/samara
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Wolffia (mainly hydrochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Storage organ: stolon
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): dicyclic or polycyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]:
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 3.5
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.13
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  • Clonal index: 5
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]:
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]:

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 30
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  • Ploidy level (x): 2
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 960.72
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 480.36
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  • Genomic GC content: 42.4 %
    ?

Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
    ?

Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 7 – half-light plant, mostly occurring at full light, but also in the shade up to about 30% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 5 – moderate heat indicator, occurring from lowland to montane belt, mainly in submontane-temperate areas
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  • Moisture indicator value: 11 – aquatic plant rooted under water, but at least temporarily with leaves above the surface, or a plant floating on the water surface
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  • Reaction indicator value: 4 – transition between values 3 and 5
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 3 – occurring at nutrient-poor sites more frequently than at average sites and exceptionally at rich sites
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.68
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.68
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.02
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.08
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.67
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.65

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

    ?
  • 3 Aquatic vegetation

  • 3C Macrophytic vegetation of oligotrophic lakes and pools: 2 – optimum
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4E Reed vegetation of brooks: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5E Acidic moss-rich fens and peatland meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

    ?
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of classes: VD Littorelletea uniflorae
  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: VDC Sphagno-Utricularion
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: VDC01 Sparganio minimi-Utricularietum intermediae
  • Constant taxon

    ?
  • Constant taxon of alliances: VDC Sphagno-Utricularion
  • Constant taxon of associations: VDC01 Sparganio minimi-Utricularietum intermediae
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: VDC01 Sparganio minimi-Utricularietum intermediae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 4.5
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4.5

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
    ?
  • Floristic region: circumpolar
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 6
    ?
  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt, montane belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 153, 204
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 80.6 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 71 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 48.4 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 45.6 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 88 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 4
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2b – endangered taxon, rare and declining
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): VU – vulnerable
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  • Legal protection: endangered taxon
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