Spergularia marina

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.05–0.2
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  • Growth form: polycarpic perennial non-clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte (therophyte)
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  • Life strategy: S – stress-tolerator
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): S
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 0.5 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 89.6 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 9.9 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): opposite
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: present
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: overwintering green
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  • Leaf anatomy: succulent
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–September
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  • Flowering phase: 6 Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora (start of early summer)
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  • Flower colour: white, pink
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: free
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  • Calyx fusion: aposepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: dichasium
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  • Dicliny: synoecious, gynomonoecious, gynodioecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: autogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing, pseudocleistogamy
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – capsule
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: only by seed/spores
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: present
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 0
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 5
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 1
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 0
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 5
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 1

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 36
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 1050.58
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 262.65
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  • Genomic GC content: 40.5 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 8 – light plant, only exceptionally occurring at less than 40% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Moisture indicator value: 7 – humidity indicator, focus on well moistened, but not wet soils
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  • Reaction indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9, occurring mostly in calcium-rich conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 5x – occurring at moderately nutrient-rich sites, and less frequently at poor and rich sites (generalist)
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  • Salinity indicator value: 7 – polyhaline, on soils with a high salt content
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: 0.04
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: 0.04
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.54
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.55
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.74
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.78

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4H Vegetation of low annual hygrophilous herbs: 2 – optimum
  • 10 Saline vegetation

  • 10G Continental vegetation of annual halophilous grasses: 3 – dominant
  • 10H Inland vegetation of succulent halophytes: 2 – optimum
  • 10I Inland saline meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 10J Saline steppes: 2 – optimum
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13C Annual vegetation of trampled habitats: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of classes: TA Crypsietea aculeatae
  • Constant taxon of alliances: TAA Cypero-Spergularion salinae
  • Constant taxon of associations: TAA01 Crypsietum aculeatae
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: MBB02 Bidenti frondosae-Atriplicetum prostratae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.2
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 5.3

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
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  • Floristic region: circumpolar
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  • Continentality degree: 9
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 5
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands
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  • Expansive taxon in the region: Bohemian Thermophyticum, Bohemian Moravian Mesophyticum, Pannonian Thermophyticum, Carpathian Mesophyticum
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 290, 478
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 31.3 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 9.4 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 8.7 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 42 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 6
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 6
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C1t – critically threatened taxon, declining
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): CR – critically endangered
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  • Legal protection: critically threatened taxon
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