Streptopus amplexifolius

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.3–1
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: geophyte
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  • Life strategy: C – competitor
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf anatomy: mesomorphic, hygromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–July
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  • Flowering phase: 6 Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora (start of early summer)
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  • Flower colour: green-white, yellow-green
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: homochlamydeous
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: campanulate
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  • Inflorescence type: flores solitarii
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: mixed mating
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  • Pollination syndrome: wind-pollination, insect-pollination, selfing
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: fleshy fruit – berry
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  • Fruit colour: red
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed, fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Cornus (mainly autochory and endozoochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b) nv
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: rhizome
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  • Storage organ: rhizome
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 3.3
    ?
  • Number of clonal offspring: 1
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.01
    ?
  • Clonal index: 3
    ?
  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 15
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 20
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 4
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 5
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 15
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included): 0
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 20
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 4

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 32
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 10595.19
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 2648.8
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  • Genomic GC content: 48 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
    ?

Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 4 – transition between values 3 and 5
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 3 – cool indicator, occurring mainly in subalpine areas
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  • Moisture indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Reaction indicator value: 5 – indicator of moderate acidity, occurring rarely in strongly acidic as well as in neutral to alkaline conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
    ?
  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -1.9
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.72
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.22
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.08
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.14
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.22

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 2 Alpine and subalpine grasslands

  • 2B Subalpine tall-forb and tall-grass vegetation: 2 – optimum
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4K Petasites fringes of montane brooks: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11D Subalpine acidophilous Pinus mugo scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11H Subalpine deciduous scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12B Alluvial forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12E Herb-rich beech forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12G Acidophilous beech forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12R Acidophilous spruce forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12S Basiphilous spruce forests: 2 – optimum
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13F Herbaceous vegetation of forests clearings and Rubus scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 1.1 – taxon occurring mainly in the closed forest
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of associations: LFC02 Athyrio distentifolii-Piceetum abietis
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 6
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 5.8
  • Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 6.2
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
    ?
  • Floristic region: Europe, Eastern Asia, Americas
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 5
    ?
  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: submontane belt, montane belt, subalpine belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 86, 167
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.2 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 1.8 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 3 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 10
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 5
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 5
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 2

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C2t – endangered taxon, declining
    ?
  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): VU – vulnerable
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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