Symphytum asperum

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.5–1.5
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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  • Life strategy: C – competitor
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: both present and absent
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf anatomy: mesomorphic, hygromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–August
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  • Flowering phase: 6 Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora (start of early summer)
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  • Flower colour: red-violet, blue
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: tubular
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  • Calyx fusion: synsepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: cincinnus
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination, selfing
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – cluster of four one-seeded nutlets
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: myrmecochorous nv
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: pleiocorm, rhizome-like pleiocorm
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  • Storage organ: pleiocorm
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Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: neophyte
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  • Invasion status: casual
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  • Geographic origin: Mediterranean, anecophyte
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  • Year of the first record in the wild: 1872
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  • Period of introduction: Late Modern Period (1800–1950)
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  • Introduction pathway: intentional – other
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Habitat and sociology

  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: submeridional
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  • Floristic region: Caucasus
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 22, 24
    ?

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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