Typha shuttleworthii

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.7–1.5
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: geophyte (hydrophyte)
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  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): rosulate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: summer green
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  • Leaf anatomy: helomorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: June–August
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  • Flower colour: brown
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  • Perianth type: flower achlamydeous
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  • Inflorescence type: spadix
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  • Dicliny: monoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: facultative autogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: wind-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – achene/cypsela/samara
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Phragmites (mainly anemochory and hydrochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon-like rhizome
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  • Storage organ: stolon-like rhizome
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: hypogeogenous rhizome
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: sympodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]:
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  • Number of clonal offspring: 3.5
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.27
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  • Clonal index: 6
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]:
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included):
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]:

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 30
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  • Ploidy level (x): 2
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 460.67
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 230.33
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  • Genomic GC content: 39.8 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 8 – light plant, only exceptionally occurring at less than 40% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Moisture indicator value: 10 – aquatic plant that survives long periods without soil flooding
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 4 – transition between values 3 and 5
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  • Salinity indicator value: 1 – salt tolerant, mostly on low-salt to salt-free soils, but occasionally on slightly salty soils
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Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: MCA09 Typhetum shuttleworthii
  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of associations: MCA09 Typhetum shuttleworthii
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: MCA09 Typhetum shuttleworthii
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 4.7
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4.7
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe
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  • Continentality degree: 5
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 3
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: colline belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 13, 16
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 66.7 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 50 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 50 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 48 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 88 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 1
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 0
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 1
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 0

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C1b – critically threatened taxon, rare and declining
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): EN – endangered
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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