Valeriana simplicifolia

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.15–0.55
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hemicryptophyte
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): opposite, rosulate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: both present and absent
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: May–June
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  • Flower colour: white
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  • Flower symmetry: zygomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx reduced, corolla present
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: funnel-shaped, tubular
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  • Calyx fusion: synsepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: panicula e dichasiis composita
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – achene/cypsela/samara
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part
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  • Dispersal strategy: Phragmites (mainly anemochory and hydrochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 16
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  • Ploidy level (x): 2
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 2891.9
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 1445.95
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  • Genomic GC content: 40.6 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 7 – half-light plant, mostly occurring at full light, but also in the shade up to about 30% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
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  • Temperature indicator value: 5x – moderate heat indicator, occurring from lowland to montane belt, mainly in submontane-temperate areas (generalist)
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  • Moisture indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 3 – occurring at nutrient-poor sites more frequently than at average sites and exceptionally at rich sites
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  • Salinity indicator value: 1 – salt tolerant, mostly on low-salt to salt-free soils, but occasionally on slightly salty soils
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.7
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.45
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.23
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.26
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.51
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.6

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4G Tall-sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4K Petasites fringes of montane brooks: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5 Vegetation of springs and mires

  • 5B Lowland to montane soft-water springs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 5D Calcareous fens: 2 – optimum
  • 5E Acidic moss-rich fens and peatland meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 6 Meadows and mesic pastures

  • 6E Wet Cirsium meadows: 2 – optimum
  • 6F Intermittently wet Molinia meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 10 Saline vegetation

  • 10H Inland vegetation of succulent halophytes: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12 Forests

  • 12A Alder carrs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 2.2 – taxon occurring partly in the forest, but mainly in open vegetation
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: RBA03 Valeriano simplicifoliae-Caricetum flavae
  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of associations: RBA03 Valeriano simplicifoliae-Caricetum flavae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 6.2
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 6.3
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 1
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 1

Distribution and frequency

  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: colline belt, submontane belt, montane belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 47, 107
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 27.3 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 9.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 0 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 7.3 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 38 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 9
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 5
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 2

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): C3 – vulnerable taxon
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): NT – near threatened
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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