Vinca minor

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.1–0.2
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: chamaephyte
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  • Life strategy: CS – competitor/stress-tolerator
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): R/CSR
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 25.1 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 20.2 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 54.7 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): opposite
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: absent
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  • Petiole: present
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: scleromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: March–June
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  • Flowering phase: 3 Prunus avium-Ranunculus auricomus (end of early spring)
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  • Flower colour: blue
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  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
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  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
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  • Perianth fusion: fused
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  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: hypocrateriform
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  • Calyx fusion: synsepalous
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  • Inflorescence type: flores solitarii
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  • Dicliny: synoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: allogamy self-incompatibility, facultative allogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – cluster of follicles
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  • Fruit colour: brown
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed
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  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: probably myrmecochorous
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: stolon
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: absent
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]:
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  • Number of clonal offspring:
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.13
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  • Clonal index: 4
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 2
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 8
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 23
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 2

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
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  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 46
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 1340.32
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 335.08
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  • Genomic GC content: 37.9 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: archaeophyte/neophyte
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  • Invasion status: naturalized
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  • Geographic origin: Europe
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  • Period of introduction: Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (merged category, 1200–1800)
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  • Introduction pathway: intentional – ornamental, intentional – nature
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 4 – transition between values 3 and 5
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  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Moisture indicator value: 5 – indicator of fresh soils, focus on soils of average moisture, missing on wet and on soils that frequently dry out
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  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -1.99
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.69
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.23
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.04
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.16
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.4

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 6 Meadows and mesic pastures

  • 6A Mesic Arrhenatherum meadows: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 6C Pastures and park grasslands: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11L Tall mesic and xeric shrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 11R Scrub and pioneer woodland of forests clearings: 2 – optimum
  • 12 Forests

  • 12B Alluvial forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12C Oak-hornbeam forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12D Ravine forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12E Herb-rich beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12F Limestone beech forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12I Sub-continental thermophilous oak forests: 2 – optimum
  • 12U Plantations of broad-leaved non-native trees: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12V Spruce plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 12W Pine and larch plantations: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13E Perennial nitrophilous herbaceous vegetation of mesic sites: 2 – optimum
  • 13F Herbaceous vegetation of forests clearings and Rubus scrub: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 1.1 – taxon occurring mainly in the closed forest
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 1.1 – taxon occurring mainly in the closed forest
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: LCB Aceri tatarici-Quercion
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: LCB01 Quercetum pubescenti-roboris
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.2
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 4.2
  • Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 5.3
  • Colonization ability

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  • Index of colonization success (ICS): 2
  • Index of colonization potential (ICP): 4
  • Optimum successional age [years]: 75

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional
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  • Floristic region: Europe
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  • Continentality degree: 3
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 3
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  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 525, 1229
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  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 50 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 18.8 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 9.4 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 14.9 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 63 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

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  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 15
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 4
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 4
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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