Zannichellia palustris

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]: 0.02–0.4
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  • Growth form: clonal herb
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  • Life form: hydrophyte
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method based on leaf traits): R
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, C-score): 0.7 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, S-score): 0 %
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  • Life strategy (Pierce method, R-score): 99.3 %
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Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
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  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): opposite, verticillate
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  • Leaf shape: simple – entire
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  • Stipules: present
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  • Petiole: absent
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  • Leaf life span: evergreen
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  • Leaf anatomy: hydromorphic
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Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: May–August
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  • Flower colour: green
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  • Perianth type: reduced or absent
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  • Perianth fusion: reduced
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  • Inflorescence type: dichasium
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  • Dicliny: monoecious
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  • Generative reproduction type: facultative autogamy
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  • Pollination syndrome: water-pollination, selfing
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Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: dry fruit – achene/cypsela/samara
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  • Fruit colour: green, brown
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  • Reproduction type: by seed/spores and vegetatively
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  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): fruit, infrutescence or its part, shoot fragment
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  • Dispersal strategy: Wolffia (mainly hydrochory)
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  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
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Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot metamorphosis: stolon
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  • Storage organ: stolon
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  • Type of clonal growth organ: stolon
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  • Freely dispersible organs of clonal growth: present
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  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
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  • Branching type of stem-derived organs of clonal growth: monopodial
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  • Primary root: absent
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  • Persistence of the clonal growth organ [year]: 1.3
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  • Number of clonal offspring:
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  • Lateral spreading distance by clonal growth [m]: 0.1
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  • Clonal index: 5
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  • Bud bank

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  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded): 7
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 22
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]: 2
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included): 7
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 22
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]: 2

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
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  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
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Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 24 (12, 34, 36)
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  • Ploidy level (x): 4 (2, 6)
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  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 756.08
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  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 189.02
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  • Genomic GC content: 39.2 %
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Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: native
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Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7; rarely at less than 20% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7
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  • Moisture indicator value: 12 – permanently or almost permanently submerged aquatic plant
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  • Reaction indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9, occurring mostly in calcium-rich conditions
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  • Nutrient indicator value: 8 – pronounced nutrient indicator
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  • Salinity indicator value: 3 – β-mesohaline, mostly on soils with low salt content
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  • Indicator values for disturbance

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  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.5
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.5
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.13
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.17
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.53
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.54

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

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  • 3 Aquatic vegetation

  • 3A Macrophytic vegetation of eutrophic and mesotrophic still waters: 2 – optimum
  • 3C Macrophytic vegetation of oligotrophic lakes and pools: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4B Halophilous reed and sedge beds: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4C Eutrophic vegetation of muddy substrata: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4E Reed vegetation of brooks: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4H Vegetation of low annual hygrophilous herbs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • Affinity to the forest environment

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  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

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  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: VBB14 Parvo-Potamo-Zannichellietum pedicellatae
  • Constant taxon

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  • Constant taxon of associations: VBB14 Parvo-Potamo-Zannichellietum pedicellatae
  • Dominant taxon

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  • Dominant taxon of associations: VBB14 Parvo-Potamo-Zannichellietum pedicellatae
  • Ecological specialization indices

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  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.6
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 5.6

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: boreal, northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional, subtropical, tropical, austral or antarctic
    ?
  • Floristic region: circumpolar
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  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 10
    ?
  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt
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  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 321, 576
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

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  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.4 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 51.9 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 40.7 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 24.1 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 27.5 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 88 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 7
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 2
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 1

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
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  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
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  • Legal protection: not protected by law
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