This association comprises forests dominated by Carpinus betulus and Quercus petraea agg., frequently accompanied by Tilia cordata. Their herb layer is composed of mesophilous (nemoral) species growing together with drought-adapted and light-demanding species of thermophilous oak forests and forest edges. Vernal synusiae with geophytes are well developed. Soils are usually calcareous and developed on flysch sediments or limestone. This association occurs in warm, dry areas of central Bohemia and southern Moravia.
Citation: Chytrý M. (2013): Primulo veris-Carpinetum betuli Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslová in Neuhäuslová-Novotná 1964. – In: Chytrý M. (ed.), Vegetace České republiky. 4. Lesní a křovinná vegetace [Vegetation of the Czech Republic 4. Forest and shrub vegetation], p. 233–236, Academia, Praha.
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