Echinocystis lobata

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Habitus and growth type

  • Height [m]:
    ?
  • Growth form: annual herb
    ?
  • Life form: therophyte
    ?
  • Life strategy: CR – competitor/ruderal
    ?

Leaf

  • Leaf presence and metamorphosis: leaves present, not modified
    ?
  • Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis): alternate
    ?
  • Leaf shape: simple – palmately divided
    ?
  • Stipules: absent
    ?
  • Petiole: present
    ?
  • Leaf life span: summer green
    ?
  • Leaf anatomy: mesomorphic, hygromorphic
    ?

Flower

  • Flowering period [month]: July–September
    ?
  • Flower colour: yellow-white
    ?
  • Flower symmetry: actinomorphic
    ?
  • Perianth type: calyx and corolla
    ?
  • Perianth fusion: fused
    ?
  • Shape of the sympetalous corolla or syntepalous perianth: rotate, campanulate
    ?
  • Calyx fusion: synsepalous
    ?
  • Inflorescence type: flores solitarii
    ?
  • Dicliny: monoecious
    ?
  • Generative reproduction type: facultative allogamy
    ?
  • Pollination syndrome: insect-pollination
    ?

Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Fruit type: fleshy fruit – berry
    ?
  • Fruit colour: green
    ?
  • Reproduction type: only by seed/spores
    ?
  • Dispersal unit (diaspore): seed, fruit, infrutescence or its part
    ?
  • Dispersal strategy: Allium (mainly autochory)
    ?
  • Myrmecochory: non-myrmecochorous (b)
    ?

Belowground organs and clonality

  • Shoot life span (cyclicity): monocyclic shoots prevailing
    ?
  • Primary root: present
    ?
  • Bud bank

    ?
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds excluded): 3
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds excluded):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds excluded): 3
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds exluded) [cm]:
  • Number of buds per shoot at the soil surface (root buds included): 3
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth of 0–10 cm (root buds included):
  • Number of buds per shoot at a depth greater than 10 cm (root buds included):
  • Size of the belowground bud bank (root buds included): 3
  • Depth of the belowground bud bank (root buds included) [cm]:

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotrophic
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
    ?
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
    ?

Karyology

  • Chromosome number (2n): 32
    ?
  • Ploidy level (x): 4
    ?
  • 2C genome size [Mbp]: 1319.38
    ?
  • 1Cx monoploid genome size [Mbp]: 329.84
    ?
  • Genomic GC content: 39.6 %
    ?

Taxon origin

  • Origin in the Czech Republic: neophyte
    ?
  • Invasion status: invasive
    ?
  • Geographic origin: North America
    ?
  • Year of the first record in the wild: 1941
    ?
  • Period of introduction: Late Modern Period (1800–1950)
    ?
  • Introduction pathway: intentional – ornamental
    ?

Ecological indicator values

  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 6 – transition between values 5 and 7; rarely at less than 20% of diffuse radiation incident in an open area
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
    ?
  • Moisture indicator value: 8 – transition between values 7 and 9
    ?
  • Reaction indicator value: 7 – indicator of slightly acidic to slightly basic conditions, never occurring in very acidic conditions
    ?
  • Nutrient indicator value: 8 – pronounced nutrient indicator
    ?
  • Salinity indicator value: 0 – not salt tolerant, glycophyte
    ?
  • Indicator values for disturbance

    ?
  • Whole-community disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.46
  • Herb layer disturbance frequency indicator value: -0.43
  • Whole-community disturbance severity indicator value: 0.52
  • Herb layer disturbance severity indicator value: 0.54
  • Whole-community structure based disturbance indicator value: 0.32
  • Herb layer structure-based disturbance indicator value: 0.36

Habitat and sociology

  • Occurrence in habitats

    ?
  • 4 Wetland and riverine herbaceous vegetation

  • 4A Reed-beds of eutrophic still waters: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4D Riverine reed vegetation: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4I Vegetation of nitrophilous annual hygrophilous herbs: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 4L Nitrophilous herbaceous fringes of lowland rivers: 2 – optimum
  • 11 Heathlands and scrub

  • 11J Willow galleries of loamy and sandy river banks: 2 – optimum
  • 12 Forests

  • 12B Alluvial forests: 1 – rare occurrence
  • 13 Anthropogenic vegetation

  • 13E Perennial nitrophilous herbaceous vegetation of mesic sites: 2 – optimum
  • Affinity to the forest environment

    ?
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Thermophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Affinity to the forest environment in Mesophyticum and Oreophyticum: 0 – taxon that does not spontaneously occur in Czech forests
  • Diagnostic taxon

    ?
  • Diagnostic taxon of alliances: XDA Senecionion fluviatilis
  • Diagnostic taxon of associations: XDA04 Sicyo angulatae-Echinocystietum lobatae
  • Constant taxon

    ?
  • Constant taxon of associations: XDA04 Sicyo angulatae-Echinocystietum lobatae
  • Dominant taxon

    ?
  • Dominant taxon of associations: XDA04 Sicyo angulatae-Echinocystietum lobatae
  • Ecological specialization indices

    ?
  • Ecological specialization index for all vegetation types: 5.2
  • Ecological specialization index for non-forest vegetation: 5.3
  • Ecological specialization index for forest vegetation: 6

Distribution and frequency

  • Floristic zone: northern temperate, southern temperate, submeridional, meridional
    ?
  • Floristic region: Eastern America
    ?
  • Continentality degree: 6
    ?
  • Distribution range extension along the continentality gradient: 6
    ?
  • Elevational belt in the Czech Republic: lowlands, colline belt, submontane belt
    ?
  • Occurrence frequency in the basic grid mapping cells and quadrants of the basic grid mapping cells: 263, 418
    ?
  • Commonness in vegetation plots from the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots: 0.1 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 5%: 21.4 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 25%: 21.4 %
  • Occurrence frequency in vegetation plots with a cover above 50%: 16.7 %
  • Mean percentage cover in vegetation plots: 16.4 %
  • Maximum percentage cover in vegetation plots: 88 %
  • Number of habitats with taxon occurrence in the Czech Republic

    ?
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon occurs: 7
  • Number of narrow habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon occurs: 4
  • Number of broad habitats in which the taxon has its optimum: 3

Threats and protection

  • Red List 2017 (national categories): taxon is not on the Red List
    ?
  • Red List 2017 (IUCN categories): LC(NA) – least concern (taxon is not on the Red List)
    ?
  • Legal protection: not protected by law
    ?
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